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| fattyacid, nutrition research, culture, public policy, cholesterol levels, big plump women , unsaturated fat, fatty ratty , fat substitute, measures, science, bart's inner child, diets general, music reviews, | A pooled estimate of the results reported in the prospective studies (ATBC, HPFS, and NHS) gives a relative risk of 1.31 corn (1.15, 1.49) for an increase in trans consumption of 2% of energy. Assuming that this relation is causal, the attributable risk would be 24%, or over 100,000 coronary deaths per year. Moreover, according to the results of the HPFS and NHS, it would require a 10% of energy corn reduction in saturated fat intake to obtain a benefit comparable to that of eliminating trans fat from the U.S. diet. No benefit of corn reducing saturated fat intake would be predicted by the results of the ATBC. Our first approach, using data from metabolic studies obtained above, assumes that the adverse effects of trans are entirely mediated by their effects on blood levels of LDL and HDL; whereas, the second approach, using results of epidemiological studies, suggests that the increase in risk of CHD caused by trans fat is higher than predicted by effects on blood lipids alone. |
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| (0.07 divided by 1.07). The effect of saturated fat on the LDL/HDL ratio is about half that of trans fat, so that the same attributable risk would be estimated for a 4% of energy increase from saturated fat. These are science likely to be underestimates of the true effect, because the lipid-CHD relation that we used has not science been corrected for the attenuation caused by within-person variation in lipid measurements. Also, the estimate for trans fat does not take into account adverse effects on triglycerides or Lp(a). In the metabolic studies, cis unsaturated fats replaced trans fat as would be the case if the original oils were simply not partially hydrogenated. Because unsaturated fats themselves have beneficial effects on blood lipids, the benefits of eliminating trans or saturated fats would be less if they were replaced by carbohydrate. The second approach calculates risk directly from the strength of the association between trans fat and CHD as observed in epidemiological studies. |
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