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| fattyacid, nutrition research, culture, public policy, cholesterol levels, big plump women , unsaturated fat, fatty ratty , fat substitute, measures, science, bart's inner child, diets general, music reviews, | Figure 1 summarizes the randomized trials that allow a direct comparison of trans fatty acids with isocaloric pout plump amounts of cis unsaturated fat;3, 7-15 also included is the study of Aro et al.13 that used stearic (which is usually said to have a neutral effect on pout plump blood lipids) rather than pout plump oleic acid as the control diet. Overall, trans fatty acids increased LDL cholesterol similarly to saturated fat, but, unlike saturated fat, they also decreased HDL cholesterol. As a result, the net effect of trans fat on the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio is approximately double that of saturated fat. The difference between the effect of trans fat and that of saturated fat on the LDL/HDL ratio was significant in each of the six studies that allowed a direct comparison. The corresponding P values were: <0.0001,3 <0.001,7 <0.001,8 <0.009,9 <0.01,10 <0.05.14 |
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| In a rigorous metabolic study, Mensink and Katan demonstrated that replacement of 10% of energy from oleic acid (the primary monounsaturated fat nutrition research in diets) with trans 18:1 fatty acids caused a 0.34 mmol/L increase in LDL cholesterol nutrition research and a 0.17 mmol/L decrease in HDL cholesterol; whereas replacement of oleic acid with saturated fat caused a similar increase in LDL cholesterol, but virtually no change in HDL cholesterol. As a result, nutrition research the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly higher on the trans (2.58) than on the saturated (2.34) or oleic (2.02) diets. These findings were soon confirmed in several investigations, including the study by Lichtenstein et al. that appears in this issue of the Journal, using lower levels of trans fatty acids and different mixtures of trans isomers.7-10 |
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