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fattyacid, nutrition research, culture, public policy, cholesterol levels, big plump women , unsaturated fat, fatty ratty , fat substitute, measures, science, bart's inner child, diets general, music reviews, | average). The first approach uses only the effect of trans fats on blood lipids, and ignores the associations observed in toe epidemiological studies. As shown above (Figure 1), replacing 2% energy from cis toe unsaturated fat with an isocaloric amount of trans fat causes a 0.13 increase in the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (we toe used this because the effect of trans on the total/HDL cholesterol ratio that we used in the past was not provided in one of the new studies). Since a change in one unit in the total/HDL cholesterol ratio has been associated with a 53% change in the CHD risk,47 we estimated a relative risk of 1.07 (1 + 0.53 x 0.13) for a 2% increase in trans fat (the use of LDL/HDL ratio instead of total/HDL cholesterol ratio has trivial effects), corresponding to an attributable risk of 6.5% |
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In the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, adjustment for dietary fiber attenuated the relation of trans to risk of CHD, measures however no attenuation occurred in the other two cohorts38 (Hu, personal communication). In summary, prospective studies provide strong evidence that trans fatty acids consumption increases substantially the risk of CHD. Quantitative estimates of risk Independent estimates of the effect of trans fat can be obtained by combining the effects of trans on blood lipids and the relationship between lipids and coronary heart disease risk, or from the results of cohort measures studies. We have used these different methods to estimate the number of deaths that may be due to consumption of trans fatty acids from partially hydrogenated fat in the amount of 2% energy (approximately the U.S. |
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