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We have used these different methods to estimate the number of deaths that may be due to consumption of trans fatty acids from partially hydrogenated fat in the amount of 2% energy (approximately the U.S. average). The first approach uses only the effect of trans fats on blood lipids, and ignores the associations observed in epidemiological studies. As shown above (Figure 1), foodlabel replacing 2% energy from foodlabel cis unsaturated fat with an isocaloric amount of trans fat causes foodlabel a 0.13 increase in the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (we used this because the effect of trans on the total/HDL cholesterol ratio that we used in the past was not provided in one of the new studies). Since a change in one unit in the total/HDL cholesterol ratio has been associated with a 53% change in the CHD risk,47 we estimated a relative risk of 1.07
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