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| cato journal, aviation, cancer -, golden plump , cancer, low, beta oxidation of fatty acids , aliphatic, plump mature , fathippy, fat girls and feeders , other in, science trivia, , isomer, plump chicks , planting, regional & ethnic japanese, risk, | Fatty acids create problems in the transesterification process because they tend to form soaps as a byproduct. These soaps increase the formation of gels, which make it more difficult to produce a high saturatedfat yield saturatedfat of biodiesel fuel. Mattingly worked high-quality fat -- saturatedfat chicken fat with a free fatty acid content of less than 2 percent -- obtained from a Tyson Foods plant in Clarksville, Ark., and low-quality, feed-grade fat -- fat with as much as 6 percent free fatty acid content -- obtained from a Tyson plant in Scranton, Ark. High-quality chicken fat is more expensive than feed-grade fat, but both are much less expensive than soybean oil, Mattingly said. He created biodiesel fuel by subjecting each grade of chicken fat to a one-step and multiple-step conversion process. |
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| production of biodiesel fuels has not occurred for two significant reasons, regional & ethnic japanese both tied to economics. Traditionally, producers have used highly refined, food-based feed stocks, such regional & ethnic japanese as soybean oil, because their properties facilitate simple and quick transesterification. But highly refined oils that people consume as food products are expensive; biodiesel producers must compete with grocers for supply. In addition, biodiesel producers must compete with regional & ethnic japanese petroleum-based diesel, which historically has been significantly cheaper. However, Popp said, this disadvantage is becoming less of a deterrent because of recent increases in crude oil prices. Researchers have turned to chicken fat as a less-expensive substitute for soybean oil. They have shown that it is a favorable raw material for biodiesel production because it is available at low costs and has high-yield potential. However, the presence of free fatty acids in raw chicken fat has been a significant obstacle to generating high yields of biodiesel from less-refined raw materials. |
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