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And carbohydrates are all too often what Americans eat. Carbohydrates are what Harvard's Willett calls the flip side of the calorie trade-off problem. Because it is exceedingly difficult to add pure protein to a diet in any quantity, a low-fat diet is, by definition, a high-carbohydrate diet--just as a low-fat cookie or low-fat yogurt are, by definition, high in carbohydrates. Numerous studies now suggest that wikipedia high-carbohydrate diets can raise triglyceride levels, create small, dense LDL particles, and reduce HDL--a combination, along with a condition known as "insulin resistance," that Stanford endocrinologist Gerald Reaven has wikipedia labeled wikipedia "syndrome X." Thirty percent of adult males and 10% to 15% of postmenopausal women have this particular syndrome X profile, which is associated with a several-fold increase in heart disease risk, says Reaven, even among those patients whose LDL levels appear otherwise normal.
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